FLANDERS - BULGARIAN PROJECT BUL / 017 / 02

“Environmental Management of Port Areas – EMPA

Capacity Building among Port Authorities and Societal Stakeholders in Bulgaria”

Bourgas: 24 – 30.05.2004 and Varna: 22 – 26.09.2004

Training Materials

List of lectures

No	Paper	Author(s)
1.	ORGANISATION, EXPLOITATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BULGARIAN PORTS	P. MANOLOV
2.	STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN PORT OF VARNA	K. Donev, A. Stankov
3.	Current status of waste management in the port of Bourgas	CH. Karagyozov D. Dobrudjaliev S. Valchev
4.	BULGARIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT AREAS	S. STOYANOV E. TERLEMESIAN
5.	THE ROLE OF REGIONAL INSPECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT REGIONS	T. KARAIVANOVA
6.	GOOS and the ARENA project: contributing to ports as end-beneficiaries of operational oceanographic information	H. Slabakov N. Valchev
7.	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PORT OF VARNA: LEGAL AND PRACTICAL CONTEXT	K. Donev
8.	ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR PORT AREAS	L. VERBEECK L. HENS
9.	ReView of Oil and waste streams in the Port of bourgas	Ch. Karagyozov, M. Karaivanova, V. Ivanov
10.	State of the marine ecosystems along the Bulgarian Black sea coast	TS. Konsulova
11.	ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND RENOVATION OF PORTS AND HARBOURS IN BULGARIA	E. BOON
12.	AIR POLLUTION IN PORT AREAS	N. KOZAREV, S. STOYANOV, N. ILIEVA
13.	WATER POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORT AREAS	S. STOYANOV, N. KOZAREV, N. ILIEVA
14.	ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN PORT AREAS	J. ROBINSON S. STOYANOV
15.	THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT AREAS	A. NIKOLOVA
16.	E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION TO PORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING	D. Bogdanov
17.	SYSTEMS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT	V. TODOROV

Summary

ORGANISATION, EXPLOITATION AND DEVELOPMENT

OF THE BULGARIAN PORTS

PEYCHO MANOLOV

Ministry of Transport and Communication, Executive Agency “Port Administration”

E-mail: pmanolov@mtc.government.bg

ABSTRACT

The presented paper investigates the impact of the newly adopted (March 24, 2004) Act on the Amendments and Supplements to the Act on the Sea Spaces, Inland Waterways and Ports of the Republic of Bulgaria (AAS to ASSIWPRP) on the organization of the work of the Executive Agency “Port Administration” (EAPA) and the problems of the environmental protection Bulgarian ports. It defines the organization and the structure of the Bulgarian port system after the adoption of the new law. It pays considerable attention to the analysis of the dynamics of the cargo and ships turnover through the Bulgarian ports as a main potential factor for causing environmental impact in port areas. The conclusions indicate that traffic will increase as a result of the new law and the number of port operators will increase as well.

The paper presents some of the responsibilities and the work of the Executive Agency “Port Administration” (EAPA) on environmental protection issues. The most important work of EAPA from a strategic point of view relates to the development process of the ports. In this regard, it clarifies the importance of the Master Plans, the preliminary reports of EIA, the technology and port mechanization. The report points to the fact that a special arrangement was set up for implementation of the normative requirements for environmental protection.

The paper lays out the issues and tasks that have to be worked on in compliance with the anticipated changes and the continuous increase of traffic and number of the port operators.

Key words: Bulgarian ports, Development, Environment, Organization, Ecology.

STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN PORT OF VARNA

Kosta Donev¹, Alexandar Stankov²

¹Research Institute of Shipping” Ltd, Varna, 9000, 1, Slaveykov square,

e-mail: portconsult@port-varna.bg

²Port of Varna PLC, Varna, 9000, 1, Slaveykov square,

e-mail: astankov@port-varna.bg

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper was to highlight the state of environment in Port of Varna. The main characteristics and the specific features of Port of Varna are examined. The legal status and the port state since its establishment to the present day are highlighted. The favourable geographical situation, the state and the trend of the handled cargo traffic during the recent 14 years were commented upon. The topicality for Port of Varna and its environmental problems in the context of the general state of Black Sea is examined.

The state of the environment in terms of the operation and development of Port of Varna is discussed. Attention is paid to Report on Environmental Impact Assessment and its recommendations. The Monitoring Plan is commented upon. The state of the environment in Port of Varna meets the stipulated requirements. The port systematically works on the preservation and improvement of the environment for the benefit of the whole society.

Key words: Port of Varna, Examination of the environmental state, Monitoring, Environmental impact assessment.

Current status of waste management in the port of Bourgas

Christo Karagyozov¹, Dragomir Dobrudjaliev¹, Stefan Valchev²

¹University “Prof. Dr A. Zlatarov” Bourgas, e-mail: chcar@abv.bg

²Port of Bourgas

ABSTRACT

In the lecture, an overview of activities in the Port of Bourgas points to the generation of different kind of wastes. A review of the waste generated is carried taking into account their harmful and environmental impacts. An exanimation of the control and management activities is done and the requirements of MARPOL Convention listed. The experience of the Port of Rotterdam (Ditch) is regarded as a good practice. Based on the international and national legislations for environmental protection, some requirements for improving waste management in Bourgas port area are proposed.

Key words: Pollution of the port, Ships refuse, Bilge waters, Waste from the shipbuilding yard.

BULGARIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAW IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT AREAS

STOYAN STOYANOV, EKATERINA TERLEMESIAN

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy

blvd. “Kl. Ochridski” 8, Sofia, 1756, e-mail: stoyan@uctm.edu

ABSTRACT

This paper gives an overview of the Bulgarian and international law for environmental management in port areas. It is established that the immediate aim of the six Black Sea countries is to confront the environmental and ecological problems threatening the Black Sea. Reducing the discharge of nutrients, oil and other toxic substances into the sea to such a level as to permit ecosystems to recover to their 1960s state is one key way of solving the problems. A key to success is broad stakeholder participation. The main steps leading to co-operation between the six countries are traced. International treaties and national regulations to control cargos handling and waste treatment in the port areas, discharges of oil and other contaminants within the territorial waters, illegal discharges by vessels into the Black Sea, port state control are discussed. It is established that the duties and responsibilities of the maritime and port administration for environmental management are regulated by legal provisions approximated to the international measures. Analysis of the main environmental regulations in Bulgaria shows that the process of transposition of EU environmental law into the national law is almost completed. The policy actions for implementing the targets and the instruments for achieving sustainable human development are reviewed. It is shown that an upward adaptation of national environmental standards to the level of the corresponding EU standards is in process.

Keywords: Environmental management, Legislation, Port areas, EMS, Sustainable development.

THE ROLE OF REGIONAL INSPECTORATE OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT REGIONS

TEODORA KARAIVANOVA

Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water - Varna

Address: Bulgaria, BG-9000, Varna, 4, “Jan Palah” St., Е-mail: riosv-vn@revolta.com

ABSTRACT

This paper covers only the main activities of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water (RIEW). A short presentation of RIEW Varna is made in order to give an orientation of the coverage of its activity. The brief overview of the Bulgarian environmental law is made taking into account the usefulness of the paper to the beneficiaries. Not aiming to be complete, this section identifies the main operators’ obligations during the preparation and execution of their work. The paper covers the laws, regulations, their enforcement and the obstacles confronting the port operators. It describes the main problems and achievements of the port administration in the region of RIEW Varna. It is advisable to bear in mind the competencies of the municipalities and district administrations when discussing the implementation of environmental law. Because of the limited scope of the current paper, these aspects are not focused on.

Key words: Environmental impact assessment, Environmental management, Law, State authorities, Port management, Waste, Water pollution, Air pollution.

GOOS and the ARENA project: contributing to ports as end-beneficiaries of operational oceanographic information

Hristo Slabakov, Nikolay Valchev

Institute of Oceanology, BAS, PO Box 152, Varna 9000, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg,

Abstract

ARENA (A Regional Capacity Building and Networking Programme to Upgrade Monitoring and Forecasting Activity in the Black Sea Basin) is the first project designed to realize the ambitious objectives of the Black Sea Global Ocean Observing System. It is one of the regional programmes of the Global Ocean Observing System and its mission is to foster development of the media for the transfer of information needed by governments, industry, science and the general public to deal with marine related issues, including the effects of the ocean upon the climate. It is supported by a unified global network to systematically acquire, integrate and distribute oceanic observations, and to generate analysis, forecasts and other useful products. ARENA is a project under the 5^th Framework Programme of the European Union and targets an active and effective collaboration with its end-users. Ports are one of the main direct beneficiaries of the ARENA products. Both GOOS and the ARENA project have huge potential to assist environmental and safety management in ports and port areas, and the off shore aspects particular.

Key words: Operational oceanography, GOOS, End-users, Safety of port and off shore activities.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN THE PORT OF VARNA:

LEGAL AND PRACTICAL CONTEXT

Kosta Donev

“Research Institute of Shipping” Ltd – Varna, 9000, 1, Slaveykov square,

e-mail: portconsult@port-varna.bg

Abstract

The paper highlights the organization of environmental management in the Port of Varna. The factors affecting the environment of the Black Sea ports are considered. The general legislative framework regulating the Bulgarian ports and Port of Varna in particular is studied and its statute is highlighted. The relations between the Ministry of Transport and Communications (MTC), Port Administration Agency (PAA), Marine Administration Agency (MAA) and the port operator are clarified. The relations with the Ministry of Environment and Waters (MoEW) are indicated. The main activities that developed in Port of Varna to ensure environmental improvement are revealed. Ship garbage management as a basic activity and an obligation of the port in environmental protection is discussed and the results in this area for 2003 are provided.

Key words: Port of Varna, Black Sea, Environmental management, Waste, Port administration, Port operator, Port authorities, MARPOL.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS FOR PORT AREAS

LIEN VERBEECK, LUC HENS

Human Ecology Department, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium

E-mail: Lien.Verbeeck@vub.ac.be

ABSTRACT

This chapter overviews three groups of environmental management instruments: (1) preventive EM instruments such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and (2) curative EM instruments like Environmental Management Systems (EMS). For both instruments, the need to use them in ports and the procedure to implement them is discussed. Quality guidelines for EMSs are the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the International ISO 14001 standard. A specific example of EMS for ports will be developed in a case study: the Ecoports project of the European Commission. (3) The third environmental management instrument that will be discussed in this chapter is Risk Analysis (RA). Prior to these EMS’s the text reviews potential environmental impacts in ports.

Key words: Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Management Systems, Risk Analysis.

ReView of Oil and waste streams in the Port of bourgas

Christo Karagyozov ¹, Mariana Karaivanova¹, Vencislav Ivanov²

¹University “Prof. Dr A. Zlatarov” Bourgas,e-mail: chcar@abv.bg

²Maritime Administration of Bourgas, Bulgaria

ABSTRACT

The present paper reviews the oil spillages in the Port of Bourgas and its water area. The possible accidents during loading, discharging and other operations of oil tankers or oil product carriers are analyzed, as well as the types of oil and oil product pollutants. Special treatment is given to the operations in the “Rosenetz” oil terminal. The methods and equipment used to prevent pollution and to clean the polluted water areas are described. The organization of collection and treatment of oil spills and pollution from other sources is given in detail.

Key words: Oil spillage, Ships, Garbage, Bilge waters.

STATE OF THE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ALONG THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COAST

Tsonka Konsulova

Institute of Oceanology, BAS, P.O.Box 152, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria,

e-mail: konsulova@io-bas.bg

ABSTRACT

In the present paper, the ecological vulnerability of the Black Sea, one of the most isolated seas in the world, is documented. The evolution of the pelagic and benthic ecosystems along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast are characterized by the following three periods – pristine (up to 70s), disturbed (up to the 1992), and partially rehabilitated (after 1993). An assessment of the impact of some commercial activities on the marine environment, habitat and biodiversity is made and suggestions for setting up protected sites and putting in practice environmentally friendly mariculture activities.

Key words: Euthrophication, Pelagic ecosystem, Benthic ecosystem, Mariculture.

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND RENOVATION OF PORTS AND HARBOURS IN BULGARIA

EMMANUEL BOON

Department of Human Ecology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103

B-1090 – Brussels, BELGIUM

E-mail: eboon@vub.ac.be

Abstract

Over the past few decades, the inextricable link between planning for socio-economic development and environmental health has become more obvious. Previously, the main policy objective of socio-economic development in all countries of the world is improving the quality of life of the population. Most countries attempted to achieve this by formulating and implementing development plans without any serious effort to integrate environmental considerations into the process. However, in order to ensure that human activities interfere minamally with the functioning of the life support systems or natural ecological processes, environmental planning is becoming an increasingly important imperative in the rapidly globalised world economy. This paper provides an overview on the concept of planning, environment, and the importance of and approaches to environmental planning. The application of planning to port environments in Bulgaria certainly involves strategic management implications. The paper discusses a number of useful strategic management elements to guide an effective integration of environmental planning in the management of ports and harbours in Bulgaria. These key strategic considerations include environmental education and training; institutional and human capacity building; increasing and broadening participation; co-operation, networking and partnerships; and the evaluation and monitoring of port operations for the detection and mitigation of negative impacts. The discussion of the chapter is supported by a case study on the ports and harbours in Ghana .

Key Words: Environmental education, Environmental planning, Institutional capacity building, Monitoring, Planning process, Strategic management, Sustainable development.

AIR POLLUTION IN PORT AREAS

NIKOLAY KOZAREV, STOYAN STOYANOV, NINA ILIEVA

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy,

8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd. 1756 Sofia, e-mail: kozarev@uctm.edu

Abstract

Air pollution in port areas is a problem of great importance during the last years. The atmosphere in port areas is polluted not only by ordinary sources, such as chemical industry, metallurgy, energetic, automobile, railway and air transport, but also by ships and some specific harbour activities. In this paper, the contribution of ship engines to air pollution is described and estimated with regard to some important air pollutants. The possibilities for mathematical modelling and computer simulation of the level of air pollution caused by ships are also demonstrated.

Key words: Air pollution, Port areas, Ship emissions, Mathematical modelling, Computer simulation, Reduction of ship emissions.

WATER POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT IN PORT AREAS

STOYAN STOYANOV, NIKOLAY KOZAREV, NINA ILIEVA

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy

8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd, 1756 Sofia

e-mail: stoyan@uctm.edu

Abstract

Human activities in port areas cause significant water pollution. Farm or industrial wastewater and urban water overflow are traditional pollution sources in harbours. The main Black Sea water parameters are discussed in this paper.

The environmental impact of basic harbour operations in terms of water pollution in port areas and the main sources of water pollution are described, analyzed and estimated. Approaches for reduction of pollutant emissions are discussed. Technical matters as well as organizational and legislation measures are also covered.

The Black Sea ecosystem is exposed to increasing environmental risk due to the potential impact of the distribution of the Caspian Sea basin oil and gas supplies to western countries. Solid and semi-liquid wastes are significant pollutants in port areas. The categories, amounts of wastes in Bulgarian ports and the waste management strategies are brought to a focus in the paper. The main factors influencing pollutant dissipation in sea water are therefore discussed in this chapter. The behaviour of a hypothetic oil spill in the Lake of Varna is analysed by use of mathematical modelling and computer simulation.

Key words: Water pollution, Oil spillage, Pollutant dissipation, Computer simulation, Water parameters, Waste management.

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN PORT AREAS

JOHN ROBINSON¹, STOYAN STOYANOV²

¹ Queen Mary University of London

Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK, j.p.robinson@qmul.ac.uk

² University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Sofia

8 blvd. Kl. Ohridski, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria, stoyan@uctm.edu

ABSTRACT

The essential feature of health and safety management within an organization is the control of risks to health and safety. The techniques for controlling these risks are essentially the same as those for controlling other risks such as financial and environmental risks. Safety management should, therefore, be an integral part of an organization’s operational system and should essentially have the same quality management approaches that are applied to environmental and safety risks.

Safety management in port areas involves the identification of the most significant hazards and the systematic assessment of the risks that these hazards pose under foreseeable circumstances. In ports, hazards associated with dock structures, lifting and cargo handling appliances, flammable and explosive substances, access to ships and ships holds, working with containers and dangerous substances form some of the general hazard groups that should be considered. A number of the hazards identified in a health and safety risk assessment will also represent environmental hazards. For example, flammable and explosive chemicals are both safety and environmental hazards. Therefore controlling the safety risk will also control the environmental risk.

The paper discusses hazard identifications and risk assessment and management systems in the context of dock-work and emphasises the importance of worker information and training in meeting both safety and environmental management requirements. The strategic targets of the Bulgarian state control system and the measures for improving marine and ports safety are described. The impact of noise, infrasound and vibrations in port areas in Bulgaria are also discussed.

Key words: Health and safety, Sustainable port operation, Noise, Infrasound, Ultrasound, Vibrations, Port hazards, Risk.

THE ROLE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF PORT AREAS

ATANASKA NIKOLOVA

Greener Bourgas Foundation, 24, Sheinovo St., 8000 Bourgas, Bulgaria

Tel. / Fax: +359 56 842291; Tel.: +359 56 847225, E-mail: greenbs@unacs.bg

Abstract

After fifteen years of transition, Bulgarian citizens still have limited opportunities and little experience in influencing economic decisions that affect the environment and their well being. Effect public participation can help to integrate environment and social concerns and support sustainable development objectives. It is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of environmental management in the port areas and to allow all stakeholders interest to express their view.

The presented paper aims to improve the knowledge and understanding of the key stakeholders (harbour authorities, relevant business and industrial companies, local authorities, institutions, environmental organisations and local communities of Bourgas and Varna) on public participation in port areas environmental management. The paper also aims to support the port authorities in designing and implementing a strategy for public involvement in decision-making related to environmental matters.

The article introduces the main principles of public participation in decision-making process related to environmental matters. Special attention is paid to current international and national legislative requirements that regulate the involvement of different interesting parties in environmental management of port areas. Opportunities and practical models for effective involvement of the representatives of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), civil organisations (COs), relevant business associations, institutions are presented.

Key words: Environmental protection, Environmental management, Public participation in decision-making process.

E-LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION TO PORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TRAINING

Dimiter Bogdanov

Institute of Computer and Communication Systems, Acad. G. Bonchev str. Bl. 2 Sofia 1113

E-mail: bogdanov@iccs.bas.bg

ABSTRACT

The development of a generic strategy for e-learning and training is a complex task that goes well beyond traditional education methods. The presented paper is investigating the e-learning specifics of port management training. The basic steps in the development of a learning strategy for ports are defined. The role and place of on-line training in the overall environmental port policy are analyzed. The major directions in port environmental management e-training are outlined and a number of suitable e-training approaches, forms and use cases are proposed. The overall development process of an environmental management system is analyzed from the perspective of well-known design methodologies of business information systems to define how to integrate in this process e-training of the port personnel.

Key words: Business information systems, Distance learning, Environmental management training.